Table 2 Cluster analysis results – school climate (n. of cases, average, standard deviation and Z-score)

Number of cases in cluster

10855

3414

3210

1523

1865

843

Teachers and students' closeness

67.07 (12.72)

72.574

Z = 0.43

59.32

Z = − 0.61

87.489

Z = 1.61

63.047

Z = − 0.32

46.302

Z = − 1.63

Efforts involvement

62.533 (13.069)

65.733

Z = 0.24

56.787

Z = − 0.44

82.626

Z = 1.54

59.159

Z = − 0.26

42.616

Z = − 1.52

Violence cases

10.337 (3.975)

9.043

Z = − 0.32

11.858

Z = 0.38

5.096

Z = − 1.32

12.455

Z = 0.53

14.56

Z = 1.06

Teachers' satisfaction

73.849 (9.238)

77.386

Z = 0.38

76.064

Z = 0.24

80

Z = 0.66

60.428

Z = − 1.45

69.648

Z = − 0.45

Parents involvement

86.528 (7.29)

87.419

Z = 0.12

88.062

Z = 0.21

90.473

Z = 0.54

80.514

Z = − 0.82

83.265

Z = − 0.45

General positive feeling

77.947 (10.352)

82.741

Z = 0.46

72.409

Z = − 0.53

93.52

Z = 1.5

74.369

Z = − 0.35

59.4

Z = − 1.79